On Fri, May 26, 2023 at 12:07 PM, Sarah k Alawami wrote:

A restart will in effect do the same thing if fast start is disabled, I think.

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No, to be clear, a Restart causes the equivalent of a full power down and power up as it used to behave prior to the advent of Fast Startup.  Fast Startup is NOT a part of the Restart power option.  Restart forces a reloading of Windows from disc, which is what a Shut Down when Fast Startup is enabled does not.  That circumstance results in a partial hibernation file with only the Windows system state being written out to disk, and reloaded when the machine is next powered up.

That's the reason, when you have no idea of the enabled/disabled state of Fast Startup, using Restart to force Windows to reload is the way to go.
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Brian - Virginia, USA - Windows 11 Pro, 64-Bit, Version 22H2, Build 22621; Office 2016, (Version 2304, Build 16.0.16327.20200) 32-bit; Android 13 (MIUI 14)

Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.

       ~Albert Einstein