I don't see any reason why not provided the microphone is positioned such that it can pick up both the output from the speakers from the screen reader and your voice, too.

I wouldn't anticipate feedback loop issues in this configuration.

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Brian - Windows 10 Home, 64-Bit, Version 1803, Build 17134  

     Explanations exist; they have existed for all time; there is always a well-known solution to every human problem — neat, plausible, and wrong.

          ~ H.L. Mencken, AKA The Sage of Baltimore