Sam,

          I would do this using the speech dictionary and a regular expression for the item.  If I am safe in assuming that the thing with the prime in front of it will always be a single letter, preceded by a space, and you are not using single quotes to enclose phrases (at least not commonly), then try this:

1. NVDA+P,D,D  to open NVDA Preferences, Speech Dictionaries, Default Dictionary
2. Activate the Add Button
3. In pattern, place the following:  ([a-zA-z])'
4. In replacement, place the following:  \1 prime
5. In comment make whatever note you'd like, I said mathematical prime
6. Don't check the case insensitive checkbox.
7. Activate the Regular Expression radio button.

If you do use single quotes frequently to enclose phrases, e.g., 'this phrase enclosed with single quotes,' I can try to get more sophisticated and use lookback in the regular expression to avoid instance for single quoted phrases.   As the regular expression I gave is currently constructed, it will match only a single character that's a lowercase or uppercase letter followed by the prime single quote.

I tested this in Notepad and its working.

--

Brian - Windows 10 Pro, 64-Bit, Version 1909, Build 18363  

Power is being told you're not loved and not being destroyed by it.

       ~ Madonna