Hi all!

I did email the Edge tutorial to the list.

It is a text tutorial, where I take you completely through Edge.

The reading mode in edge is so important.

CTRL+Shift+R turns Edge into a text reader only, and the rest of the web page is left out if you only want to read the text. This is huge!

Here is my text tutorial for using the Edge browser pasted right below.

Tutorial for Using Microsoft Edge

By

David Moore

I am using the latest public build of Windows 10 Creators update.

If you are using anything different than that, you might get different results.

When you can press spacebar or enter, I will list them both.

If I only list enter, that means that you can only use enter.

If I only list Spacebar, that means that you can only press spacebar to toggle something, for example.

I have a list of all key commands for Edge at the end of this tutorial. Through the tutorial, I will point out many key commands as well, as I go.

Section Number One

Opening the Edge Browser:

Press the Windows key or CTRL+Escape, to open the start area. Next, type Edge and enter when Narrator announces it.

Press enter, and the Edge browser should open.

Section Number Two

Opening the Freedom Scientific Web Site:

I pressed CTRL+L (alt+D works as well) and entered:

www.freedomscientific.com

That is the site for Freedom Scientific.

The web site came up very quickly.

I can use all navigation keys, like H for heading, C for Combo Box, E for edit area, , for example, just like other browsers, and they all work.

Section Three

Pressing alt+X to get a large Virticle Menu:

Now, I will now press ALT+X to open the settings and more menu! This is to the right of the address bar, but Alt+X opens this same menu. We have a lot in this virticle menu.a large virticle menu of choices. When I down arrow, I here the following:

New Window (CTRL+N), New InPrivate Window (CTRL+SHIFT+P), Zoom out, Zoom in, Cast media to device, Find on page, Print, Pin this page to Start, F12 Developer Tools, Open with Internet Explorer, Send feedback, Extensions, What's new and Tips, and finally, Settings. Extensions and Settings are the main two choices we are interested in with this menu. Key commands will do the rest.

Next, I will talk about settings.

Section Four:

Navigating settings and Advance settings:

Press alt+X again, and up arrow once to settings, because that is the last choice.

Press enter on settings.

You will hear:

Choose a Theme light.

Don't worry about that!

Tab once, and you will hear:

Open Microsoft Edge with a page or set of pages combo box.

This is how you choose how you want Microsoft Edge to open.

I have mine set to a specific page or pages.

Now, Tab again, and you have an edit field where you can type in your pages that you want opened When Microsoft Edge is launched.

I just entered:

www.google.com

Therefore, when I start Edge, the Google home page opens for me.

Tabbing again:

I hear delete button, where you can press spacebar or enter to delete your page or pages.

Tabbing again, I hear Add Button, where you can press spacebar or enter and add another page that you want to open when Edge is started.

Tabbing again, I hear:

Open new tabs with combo box.

I have this set to a blank page.

Tab again, and you will hear:

Import from another browser button.

You can press spacebar or enter here to import all favorites and settings from other browsers you use, like IE 11 or Chrome, or Firefox.

Tab again, and you will hear:

Show the favorites bar toggle.

I have this unchecked, because I do not want everyone to see my favorites on a bar right on the Edge Window. Press spacebar to check or uncheck..

Tab again, and you hear:

Choose what to clear.

If you press spacebar on this, you can tab and check or uncheck what is cleared when you delete your history. You can also choose whether this should be cleared every time you close the Edge browser.

Tab, and you will either hear Account Settings or your MSA account link, depending on your account setting.

Tabbing again, I hear:

Sync your favorites and reading list unchecked.

You definitely want to check this by pressing spacebar, so all of your Edge data will be synced between all of your devices. If you do not want this, then uncheck it with spacebar.

Tab again, and you hear:

Sync device settings link.

Tab again, and you hear:

View Advanced settings button.

This is important, and I will cover that in a bit.

Tab again, and you hear:

Terms of use link.

Tab again, and you hear:

Privacy statement link.

Tab again, and you hear:

Pin this pane button.

Tab again, and you hear:

Change my default button.

We are back to the beginning of settings. Now, let us go through the advanced settings.

Next, press Alt+X, and up arrow once to settings, and press enter. Now, Shift tab to Advanced settings, since that was almost at the end of what we tabbed through. Go ahead and enter on the advanced settings. There is a lot you can customise here.  Let’s tab through this menu.

Press enter on Advanced Settings, and you hear:

Show the home button toggle.

I have this pressed, by using spacebar, because I want my home page to show in the Edge Window!

Tab again, and you hear:

A specific page collapsed. This is what I want.

Tab again, and there is an edit field to put the URL of what you want your home page to be.

I want my home page to be the same page is my start page, so I just enter:

www.google.com

to be my home page.

Now:

www.google.com

is my start page and my home page.

To go back to your home page from anywhere, just press:

Alt+Home

Tab again, and you hear:

Save Button.

Press spacebar or enter on this to save your home page.

You now hear:

block pop-ups toggle.

I have mine unchecked, by using the spacebar, because I want pages to come up, that are considered pop-ups.

However, to keep safe, you should probably have that checked, so Edge will indeed block pop-ups.

This is up to you.

Tab again, and you hear:

Use Adobe Flash Player.

I have this checked, with the spacebar, because a lot of web sites still need Adobe flash to play videos and the like.

Tab again, and you hear:

Open sites in apps.

I have this checked with spacebar.

Tab again, and you hear:

Choose which sites open in apps button.

I have this checked. Next, Choose which sites open in apps.  This will launch the Settings app where you can customize whether to open certain web site in an app or in the browser.

Tab again, and you hear:

Change button.

I hear change button, you can use this to change where to save downloaded files to.

Tab again, and you hear:

Ask me what to do with each download toggle.

I have that checked, with spacebar, because when I download something, I want it to ask me if I want to save or open and so on.

Tab again, and you hear:

Open Proxy settings button.

I left this alone.

Tab again, and you hear:

Manage button.

I left this alone.

Tab again, and you hear:

Learn more link.

Tab again, and you hear:

Offer to save passwords toggle.

I checked this, with spacebar, so I can have a password saved if I want.

Tab again, and you hear:

Manage Passwords button.

I left this alone.

Tab again, and you hear:

Save form entries toggle.

I have this checked with spacebar.

Tab again, and you hear:

Send do not track requests toggle.

I have this unchecked with spacebar.

Tab again, and you hear:

Have Cortana assist me in Microsoft Edge.

I have mine turnned on with spacebar. If you want this off, just press spacebar until you hear unchecked or off. sometimes, it will say on or off, or, it will say checked or unchecked. You will hear both ways spoken, but they are the same.

Tab again, and you hear:

Change Search Engine button:

This is important, because I pressed space bar or enter on that, and it was a combo box that was set on Bing. Keep that if you want, but I changed mine to Google.

I like Google to do my searches rather than Bing.

When you are done with this, Tab and hear will hear:

Back button.

Press space on that, to go back to the advanced settings that we are in.

The back button shows up a lot in Edge, so you can just go back to where you were.

Tab again, and you hear:

Show search and site suggestions as I type toggle.

I used spacebar to uncheck that, because I do not like suggestions to populate as I type in the address bar.

Tab again, and you hear:

Clear Bing search history link.

I did nothing with that.

Tab again, and you hear:

Optimize Taskbar web search results for screen readers.

Mine is check; to uncheck, just use spacebar.

Tab again, and you hear:

Don't block cookies combo box collapsed.

I left that alone.

Tab again, and you hear:

Let sites save protected media licenses on my device.

This is checked.

Tab again, and you hear:

Use page prodiction to speed up websites.

I have this check. To uncheck, just use spacebar, but you want this checked.

Tab again, and you hear:

Help protect me from malicious sites and downloads with Windows Defender Smartscreen toggle.

I kept this checked.

Tab again, and you hear:

Pin this Pane button.

Tab again, and you hear:

Back button.

Guess what this is for.

Entering on this takes you back to just plain old settings.

Remember, we entered on Advanced settings within settings.

Pressing spacebar or enter on this back button, takes you back to settings where we chose our start page and all of that.

Therefore, we are all done with Settings.

Look at what you know already, just by pressing Alt+X, up arrow once to settings, and press enter, tab through settings, enter on advanced settings, tab through those settings, and press enter on the back button to get you back to settings, and just press escape twice to get out of settings, and you are back on the Freedom Scientific web site we started out with.

Important:

You must press escape twice to get out of settings and back on to the Freedom Scientific web site.

Section Five

Getting to, and navigating the Hub.

Now, I will show you how to get to the Hub.  The Hub is located just after the address bar area.  It has 5 tabs: Favorites, Reading list, Books, History and Downloads. However, instead of often coming here, we will activate three of these tabs with key commands right from your web site.

Now, this is where your starting place will be a lot in Edge:

Press alt+D or CTRL+L to get to the address bar or whatever it is called in Edge LOL!

Important, we will get to everything else by tabbing or shift tabbing from the address bar. However, you won't need to do this often, because we can activate this stuff by key commands right from the Web site. The address bar is your starting place, so you can tab to get to everything else that we will talk about in Edge. If you get on that address bar, you are set to get to everything else that is on top of the Edge Window.

So now, from the Freedom Scientific web site:

Press Alt+D or CTRL+L

You should hear the URL of the Freedom Scientific web site.

You are on the address bar, our starting place.

Tab once, and you hear:

Add to favorites or reading list button.

If you press enter here, you will save the Freedom Scientific web site that we are on in your favorites. However, you can do this by just pressing CTRL+D from the web site. Just press enter, and tab to save and press enter. This is how you will save a web site in your favorites.

Tab again, and you hear:

Hub ( Favorites, Reading List, Books, History, and Downloads toggle button not pressed.

Now, just tab a few times to get back to the web site. That is all you need to do from up here. You can also press F6 to get from this upper area back to the web site.

To get back to the Hub, press Ctrl + I to open the first tab in the Hub, the Favorites tab.

You will hear Narrator announce Hub, Favorites window, tab control, Favorite tab selected 1 of 5.

Here we are in our favorites.  I can tab twice to the list of favorites then arrow up and down through my favorites.

If I Shift+Tab twice, I am back on the five tabs. I can navigate these tabs, by just pressing the right and left arrow keys. Press right arrow, and you will hear the other four tabs, Reading list, Books, History, and Downloads.

When you right arrow to the Books tab, Tab from here, and I hear Get Books button, Sign in button, and Shop for Books button. This is exciting.

The fourth tab is the History tab, you can press Ctrl + H to get to it directly.

I can delete my history, and look at my history here.

The 5th and last tab, is my Downloads tab.  Open it by pressing Ctrl + J.  Here is where you come to view your downloads, and check on the status of a download in progress.

So, that is it for the HUB button.

I pressed Esc to get out of Hub. The only two tabs that there are not key commands to go to them are the Books and Reading list, which you will not use that much anyway.

I just want you to see that you can press right and left arrow keys on the tabs, but you can get to those tabs with one of the three key commands:

CTRL+I for the Favorites tab, CTRL+H, for the History Tab, and CTRL+J for the downloads tab.

We are done with using the Hub!

Section Six:

Key commands for using Microsoft Edge:

Here are many key commands to navigate and work with Edge. Many of these are the same as in other browsers.

Microsoft Edge keyboard shortcuts

table with 2 columns and 40 rows

Press this key

To do this 

Ctrl + D

Add current site to favorites or reading list

 Ctrl + I

Open favorites pane

 Ctrl + J

Open downloads pane

 Ctrl + H

Open history pane

 Ctrl + P

Print the current page

 Ctrl + F

Find on page

Alt + C

Open Cortana while you are in Edge!

Ctrl + Shift + R

Enter reading view

 Ctrl + T

Open a new tab 

Ctrl + Shift + T

Reopen the last closed tab 

Ctrl + W or Ctrl + F4

Close the active tab 

Ctrl + K

Duplicate tab 

Ctrl + N

Open a new window 

Ctrl + Shift + P

Open a new InPrivate Browsing window 

Ctrl + Tab

Switch to the next tab 

Ctrl + Shift + Tab

Switch to the previous tab 

Ctrl + 1, 2, 3, and so on

Switch to a specific tab number 

Ctrl + 9

Switch to the last tab 

Ctrl + plus

Zoom in (25%) 

Ctrl + minus

Zoom out (25%) 

Ctrl + 0

Reset zoom level 

Backspace or Alt + Left arrow

Go back to last web page

Alt + Right arrow

Go forward to next web page

F5 or Ctrl + R

Refresh the page 

Escape

Stop loading the page 

Ctrl + L or F4 or Alt + D

Select the address bar 

Ctrl + Shift + L

Open address bar query in a new tab 

Ctrl + E

Open a search query in the address bar 

Ctrl + Enter

Add www. to the beginning and .com to the end of text typed in the address bar 

Ctrl + click

Open link in a new tab 

Ctrl + Shift + click

Open link in a new tab and switch to that tab 

Alt + Shift + click

Open link in a new window  

Ctrl + Shift +M

 Start creating web notes 

Ctrl + Alt + M

 Copy selected content into a web note 

F12

Open F12 Developer Tools   

Ctrl + U

 View source 

F6

 Toggle focus between webpage content and the address bar 

F7

 Turn caret browsing on for the active tab 

Ctrl + Shift + Delete

 Show controls to clear browsing data

Please give me your feed back, and how much you hear what I hear when tabbing and the like.

That is all for this tutorial.

David Moore

Sent from Mail for Windows 10

Hi all!

Here is my text tutorial on using the Chrome Browser as well.

Chrome works very well with NVDA and JAWS.

Edge works great with NVDA, and JAWS works pretty well in Edge.

I take you totally through how to use, and customize all settings in Chrome.

Here is the tutorial pasted right below.

Tutorial for Using the Google Chrome Browser

By David Moore

This tutorial will be done with the latest update of Chrome.

I will also use JAWS 18 and NVDA 2017.2for this tutorial, because they both work the same in Chrome.

Finally, I will use Windows 10 Creators Update latest public build.

I will assume that you have downloaded and installed Chrome.

There should be a shortcut on your desktop.

Section One:

Launching Chrome:

One way to Launch Chrome, is to press the Windows key or CTRL+Escape and type Chrome in the search edit field, and press enter when you hear JAWS say Chrome.

However, since you have already downloaded Chrome, You will have a shortcut icon on your desktop.

So next, find the shortcut for Chrome on your desktop, and press enter to open Chrome.

The short cut will actually say Google Chrome, so press G to find the Google Chrome icon on your desktop.

The first very important step, is to press Windows+up arrow to maximise the window. Chrome often opens with the window not maximise, and you will get undesirable results.

Section Two:

Bringing up a web site.

Press CTRL+L or Alt+D

and type the following:

www.freedomscientific.com

The Freedom Scientific web site comes up very quickly.

All navigation commands like: H for heading, E for edit field, C for combo box, and so on all work just the same in Chrome.

Section Three:

The Virticle Chrome menu:

I will press Alt+F.

The Chrome menu is open.

This is a very large virticle menu that you just keep pressing up and down arrow through.

I will press insert+up arrow to hear the first option in this menu.

New Tab, CTRL+T.

You can press that command right from the web site you are on.

New Window, CTRL+N

You can press these commands right from your web page, instead of coming here.

New incognito Window.

History sub menu.

I will press right arrow here to see what is in this sub menu!

History, CTRL+H

So, there is a key command for reading your history.

You can read a few sites you were on right here.

I will press left arrow to close this history sub menu.

Downloads, CTRL+J

There is the command for opening your downloads you have downloaded with Chrome.

Next, the important Bookmarks sub menu.

I will press right arrow, to open this.

I hear, bookmark this page, CTRL+D

That command will bookmark the page you are reading.

Next down arrow, says show bookmarks bar, CTRL+Shift+B

That command, will show your bookmarks on your Chrome browser for all to see. I do not want that.

Here is the important one.

manage bookmarks

The command is, CTRL+Shift+O

In here, you can organize your bookmarks into folders, see the bookmarks you have imported from different browsers, and very importantly, you can download, to your computer, an HTML file of all of your bookmarks in Chrome.

On your computer, you can press enter on this file, after it downloads, and a page will show up in Chrome with a list of all bookmarks you have saved in Chrome. This is an awesome way to download all of your bookmarks right to your computer, so you can back them up.

That is all for manage bookmarks.

Next, I hear import bookmarks and settings.

press enter on this, and you can import all bookmarks and settings from IE, and Firefox, right into Google Chrome, and they will be in their corresponding folders.

Now, I hear all of my saved bookmarks as I continue to arrow down.

Very important!

Sometimes, when I open that bookmarks sub menu, I do not land on the choices I mension here, but instead, I start hearing my saved bookmarks. If this happens, I press up arrow a few times, and it gets me to these choices.

Keep in mind, that many of these choices, like bookmark manager, have key commands, so you do not have to come to this bookmarks sub menu at all. You only need to come here most of the time, to arrow through your saved bookmarks, and enter on the desired one.

To save a web site as a bookmark,

Just press CTRL+D and press enter, and your bookmark is saved.

I will now press left arrow, to close the Bookmarks sub menu!

I will continue to down arrow through this virticle Chrome menu that we entered by just pressing alt.

The next few are very self explanatory.

The next one I will mension, is the more tools submenu.

I will press right arrow on this.

I hear Save Page as, and the command, CTRL+S.

Next, Save to desktop.

This allows you to save the favorite of the page right to your desktop. This is how you do this in Chrome, instead of doing this in the file menu in IE.

It is hidden under this more tools submenu.

Clear Browsing data, and there is the key command, CTRL+Shift+Delete key.

Extentions, In here, you can add extentions, delete extentions and so on.

These are the same as add ons, in IE.

I will press left arrow, to close the More Tools sub menu, and we are back to the virticle Chrome menu.

The last two that I will mention, are settings, and the help sub menu.

If you press the left arrow on the help sub menu, you can open the help system, just like in other programs, so that is all I will say about help.

Now, we will press enter on settings, and a web like page will open where the virtual cursor will turn on with JAWS, and NVDA will be in Brows mode.

Section Four:

Adjusting Settings and Advanced settings:

Now that this web page is open, I will just down arrow down the page and we will deal with each setting.

Important:

I have already signed into Chrome.

So now, arrow down until you hear sign into Chrome and press enter.

You just enter your email address and password, I think it has to be the same email address and password that you used to set up your Google account.

I am not sure about this.

You do not need to sign into Chrome, if you do, you can sync all of your activity between all devices that you have Chrome on. That is the only advantage of signing in.

I will continue with what I hear after you have signed in.

If you do not sign in, press H until you hear Appearance.

Each group of settings is a heading that you can get to by pressing H. This makes it very easy, because you just press H until you hear the group of settings you want to work with.

Now, because I have signed in, this is what I hear before getting to appearance.

The first thing you hear:

Settings.

That is the very top of the web page.

Down arrow, and you hear:

Main Menu Button.

That will just take you back to the virticle menu we were in.

If you down arrow again, you will just hear blank.

Down arrow, again, and you hear:

Settings again, but now, this is a heading. You can get here just by pressing H at the top of the page.

If you down arrow, you hear:

Search Settings.

This is where you can type in a setting that you want to change.

Down arrow again, and there is the edit field where you type in the setting you want to work with.

Down arrow again, and you hear another heading saying people.

Down arrow again, and I hear David Clickable.

This is because I have already signed into Chrome.

Down arrow again, and I hear my Gmail email address.

Again, this is because I have already signed into Chrome to sync my settings and all of that.

Down arrow again, and I hear:

Edit person.

This is where I could change my name.

Down arrow again, and I hear:

Sign Out.

This is because I have already signed in to Chrome.

Down arrow again, and I hear:

Sync.

Down arrow again, and I hear:

On, Sync everything.

This is a combo box, where you can choose what to sinc; I chose everything in this combo box.

Again, all of this is because I have signed into Chrome already.

Down arrow again, and you hear:

Sync button.

Down arrow again, and you hear:

Manage other people clickable.

Don't worry about the clickables. There is a clickable for many things, but then there is the button you enter on right after that.

Down arrow again, and you hear:

Manage other people button.

This is what you would press enter on to set up another user.

Down arrow again, and you hear:

Import bookmarks and settings Clickable:

Down arrow again, and you actually hear

Import bookmarks and settings button.

Here, you press enter and import all of your bookmarks and settings from other Browsers like IE.

This is another way of doing this, because remember,

We had a choice of manage bookmarks in the book marks sub menu in the virticle menu.

There is more than one place to do things in Chrome.

Now, we have a series of headings, that you can just press H for heading, to get to.

Now, we have gotten to the appearance heading. Down arrow and you hear:

themes, which I did nothing with.

Next, you can open the Chrome web store. You can get hundreds of extentions, and more.

Then, you hear Themes button.

Do nothing with this.

Next, you hear:

Show home clickable.

Just skip that.

There are many buttons that say clickable, and then there is a button that you actually press enter on to work with it.

Just work with the buttons, and skip over these vclickables.

Down arrow, and you have an edit box where you can put in your home page you want to get to by pressing Alt+Home.

Next, there is the home button toggle.

Press the spacebar to turn this on or off. If it is on, you can have the home button show at the top of the Chrome Window.

I have it checked.

Now, there are two radio buttons, and I chose the one to enter with a custom web address.

Search Heading:

We are at another heading, where you can set your search Engine.

There is a combo box below, and I set it to Chrome, because I like to have my searches from the address bar done with Crome instead of Bing.

Next heading:

Default Browser.

Here, you can choose weather you want Chrome to be your default browser or not.

Just leave this alone if you do not want Chrome to be your default browser.

Next Important heading:

On Start up.

Here is where you put in your URL that you want to show as soon as you start Chrome.

There are three radio buttons to pick from, but I chose to open with a specific page or pages, which is the third radio button.

Under this, you can type in the URL of the web site that you want to open when you start Chrome.

Under this, there is a link where you can add more pages you want to show when Chrome starts up.

Now, we are up to the search engin heading.

This is a heading.

There are headings on this settings page.

I chose to use Google search engin in the address bar. This is a combo box.

The next heading, is on start up.

Finally, here is where you set up your home page.

There are three radio buttons here.

I chose the third one, to open a selected page or selected pages.

Next, I was able to enter:

www.Google.Com.

That is my home page that will open each time I start Chrome.

Next important group of settings, the advanced settings.

Now, you have to press enter on the advanced settings button before more headings of settings will show.

The Advanced settings are collapsed, so you have to press enter to show more headings of settings.

Now that these advanced settings are open, we get to the next heading of settings.

There is much more we can customize under the advanced settings.

Privacy and security heading:

Down arrow from here, and you hear:

Use a web service to resolve navigation errors.

You have a clickable, and a toggle.

Press spacebar to toggle this on or off.

Again, ignore the clickables.

Now you have:

Use a prodiction service to enable you in searches.

I left this unchecked.

Next, you have a setting to speed up the loading of web pages:

I checked this with spacebar.

The next three settings I just left alone.

I checked the one that says:

Use a web service to help with spelling.

I leave manage certificates alone.

Next, you have content settings, but this is not a new heading.

We are still working with the same heading.

The only thing of interest here, is the clear history button.

This was available in the virtical menu, so don't worry about this.

Now, we get to the next heading of settings.

Passwords and forms:

Under this heading, just make sure that you check to be able to have Chrome save passwords.

Languages Heading:

I did nothing with this.

Downloads heading:

This is where you choose where you want your downloads to be saved on your computer.

Printing heading:

I did nothing with this.

Accessibility heading:

I did nothing with this.

Now, we have the System heading:

Down arrow, and you hear:

Continue running background apps, when Google Chrome is Closed.

I have this unchecked.

Next,

Use hard ware excelloration when Available.

I have this checked.

Next, you hear:

Open proxy settings button.

I left this alone.

Last Heading LOL!

Reset.

Here, you can reset all settings back to their origional.

We are done with Settings.

Now, just press CTRL+F4 to get back to the Freedom Scientific Web site.

This settings web page, opens in another tab.

That is it for settings.

Notice, we made a lot of changes under the advanced settings. You cannot see these, unless you press enter to expand these.

Now, press the Alt key again. Up arrow once to get to the end of the menu where we were with the settings.

You see exit, up arrow and you see the help sub menu, right under the settings choice.

I press right arrow on this help sub menu, and you can enter on the help center to get a lot of help using Chrome.

To open a web site, just press CTRL+L or Alt+D and type the URL.

Chrome for me, is so much quicker with web sites that involve streamming TV and Watching movies, and so on.

For me, Chrome opens large news sites very quickly compared to IE.

Lastly, All JAWS and NVDA navigation key commands work in Chrome. For example, you can press F7 to open a list of links with JAWS, and the elements list with NVDA. All of that is the exact same.

This is the end of the tutorial.

Sent from Mail for Windows 10

The biggest thing about Edge that I can think of that might help a blind user, is that Narrator, the built in screen reader in Windows works very well in Edge, because Microsoft makes many apps in Win10 work with Narrator.

You could get the job done with Edge and Narrator!

Have a great one, Gene!

David Moore

Sent from Mail for Windows 10